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In this paper the mechanical properties of earthen bricks produced by manual compaction have been investigated by a combined experimental and theoretical approach. Several compression tests have been executed on specimens of various composition and different dimensions, with the purpose of understanding the role of volume fractions of earth, sand and straw fibre, and the influence of the size effect. An important goal is the application of predictive models of the elastic properties to the considered material, and its assessment. An empiric linear correlation between the compressive strength and the experimental Young’s modulus is proposed.