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Reinforcement is a process by which a consequence, a reinforcer, follows a response and increases the future likelihood of that response under similar conditions. Parents, teachers, clinicians, and other caregivers use reinforcement-based procedures in educational and therapeutic arrangements for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to increase desirable behavior and to reduce the frequency of undesirable behavior. The precision and ultimate success of these procedures depends on selecting the right reinforcers and arranging their delivery in an effective fashion. Thus, understanding how to identify and arrange reinforcers, as well as the variables that influence the effectiveness of reinforcers, are critical to designing and implementing effective reinforcement-based interventions.