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This study aimed to systematically review and appraise evidence on the short‐term (e.g. morbidity, mortality) and long‐term (obesity and non‐communicable diseases, NCDs) health consequences of catch‐up growth (vs. no catch‐up growth) in individuals with a history of low birth weight (LBW).We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL plus, Cochrane Library, ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis and reference lists. Study quality was assessed using the risk of bias assessment tool from the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality, and the evidence base was assessed using the GRADE tool. Eight studies in seven cohorts (two from high‐income countries, five from low‐middle‐income countries) met the inclusion criteria for short‐term (mean age: 13.4 months) and/or longer‐term (mean age: 11.1 years) health outcomes of catch‐up growth, which had occurred by 24 or 59 months. Of five …