Authors
Martin O’Donnell, Andrew Mente, Sumathy Rangarajan, Matthew J McQueen, Neil O’Leary, Lu Yin, Xiaoyun Liu, Sumathi Swaminathan, Rasha Khatib, Annika Rosengren, John Ferguson, Andrew Smyth, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Rafael Diaz, Alvaro Avezum, Fernando Lanas, Noorhassim Ismail, Khalid Yusoff, Antonio Dans, Romaina Iqbal, Andrzej Szuba, Noushin Mohammadifard, Atyekin Oguz, Afzal Hussein Yusufali, Khalid F Alhabib, Iolanthe M Kruger, Rita Yusuf, Jephat Chifamba, Karen Yeates, Gilles Dagenais, Andreas Wielgosz, Scott A Lear, Koon Teo, Salim Yusuf, PURE Investigators
Publication date
2019/3/13
Journal
bmj
Volume
364
Publisher
British Medical Journal Publishing Group
Description
Objective
To evaluate the joint association of sodium and potassium urinary excretion (as surrogate measures of intake) with cardiovascular events and mortality, in the context of current World Health Organization recommendations for daily intake (<2.0 g sodium, >3.5 g potassium) in adults.
Design
International prospective cohort study.
Setting
18 high, middle, and low income countries, sampled from urban and rural communities.
Participants
103 570 people who provided morning fasting urine samples.
Main outcome measures
Association of estimated 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion (surrogates for intake) with all cause mortality and major cardiovascular events, using multivariable Cox regression. A six category variable for joint sodium and potassium was generated: sodium excretion (low (<3 g/day), moderate (3-5 g/day), and high (>5 g/day) sodium intakes) by potassium excretion (greater …
Scholar articles
M O'Donnell, A Mente, S Rangarajan, MJ McQueen… - bmj, 2019