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Most mainstream appearance psychology has been located within health psychology and has focused on how appearance can become a concern for those with congenital or acquired visible differences or “disfigurements.” Other appearance research has focused on body image and appearance in relation to gender and sexuality from both mainstream and critical psychological perspectives. A smaller body of research and theory has considered the ways in which individual and collective identities are formed partly through dress and appearance, and has explored the links between appearance, gender and sexuality, and masculine and feminine identities.