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Objectives To examine the relationship between 12 macro‐ and micro‐nutrients and the risk of recurrent calcium stone formation by comparing the diets of a large outpatient clinic‐based group of patients who had formed calcium‐based urinary tract calculi with that of a population‐based control group matched for age, gender and body mass index.

Patients, subjects and methods The dietary intake of 500 patients (cases) randomly selected from the adult population attending an outpatient renal‐stone clinic and being evaluated and/or treated for biochemically or radiologically diagnosed calcium‐based upper urinary tract calculi were compared with those of 500 control subjects selected to match for age, sex and body mass index from a stratified probability sample of 2212 adults (not institutionalized) living in the same geographical area.

Results Comparing the mean nutritional intakes showed a statistically higher …