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The design and performance of a new high resolution multipurpose instrument are described and illustrated. The instrument comprises a high-power, fine-focusing e⁻-gun, a high speed rotating anode, a double focusing multi-crystal X-ray monochromator, a monochromatic UV-source with a toroidal grating, a fine-focus variable energy e⁻-source, a four-element electrostatic e⁻-lens system, a large 36 cm hemispherical electrostatic analyzer, a 12 cm wide electron multi-detector system and a dedicated computer system. Various sample probes for gases, liquids and solids are discussed. The instrument is shown to reach an energy resolution of at least 0.23 eV with X-ray excitation at a sufficient intensity to enable the study of gases.

A number of illustrative examples of the proved instrumental performance is presented. A new “line-sharpening” effect, due to post-collision interaction in Auger electron spectra, is revealed …