View article

The source–receptor relationships (S–R relationships) of PM₁₀ in Northeast Asia were investigated by a three-dimensional regional chemical transport model with emission and meteorological fields in 2010. A model comparison with ground-based measurements, and satellite and lidar remote sensing data showed that the model reproduced well the spatial and temporal distribution of PM₁₀ over Northeast Asia, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.50 to 0.94 and normalized mean errors (NMEs) of 10–70% at eleven stations. An on-line tracer-tagged module incorporated into the model indicated that self-contribution contributed the greatest percentage of surface PM₁₀ in China, the Korean peninsula and Japan, reaching 48.5%, 41.8% and 39.1%, respectively. The long-range transport from China and offshore along the Asian continent (Bohai bay, China East Sea, China Huang Sea, the Sea of Japan etc …