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To fully exploit the possibilities of “smart” wells containing both measurement and control equipment, one can envision a system where the measurements are used for frequent updating of a reservoir model, and an optimal control strategy is computed based on this continuously updated model. We developed such a closed-loop control approach using an ensemble Kalman filter to obtain frequent updates of a reservoir model. Based on the most recent update of the reservoir model, the optimal control strategy is computed with the aid of an adjoint formulation. The objective is to maximize the economic value over the life of the reservoir. We demonstrate the methodology on a simple waterflooding example using one injector and one producer, each equipped with several individually controllable inflow control valves (ICVs). The parameters (permeabilities) and dynamic states (pressures and saturations) of the …