Authors
Ronald A Cohen, Brian L Hitsman, Robert H Paul, Jeanne McCaffery, Laura Stroud, Lawrence Sweet, John Gunstad, Raymond Niaura, Alexander MaCfarlane, Richard A Bryant, Evian Gordon
Publication date
2006/3
Journal
The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine
Volume
36
Issue
1
Pages
35-52
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Description
Early life stress (ELS) has been linked to adult psychopathology, though few studies have examined the universality of specific adverse childhood events (ACEs) in healthy adults. We examined the co-occurrence of specific ACEs and their relationship to current emotional distress in an international sample of adults without psychopathology. Participants were 1659 men and women recruited for an international neurocognitive-neuroimaging database from sites in the United States, Australia, England, and the Netherlands. Participants had no current or prior diagnosis of major depression, anxiety, substance abuse, or neurological brain disorder. The occurrence and age on onset of 19 ACEs was assessed by a self-report questionnaire (ELSQ), and current symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). The relationship of specific ACEs to DASS symptoms was examined …
Total citations
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Scholar articles
RA Cohen, BL Hitsman, RH Paul, J McCaffery, L Stroud… - The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 2006