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Phylogenetic approaches can provide valuable insights on how and when a biome emerged and developed using its structuring species. In this context, Brachystegia Benth, a dominant genus of trees in miombo woodlands, appears as a key witness of the history of the largest woodland and savanna biome of Africa.

We reconstructed the evolutionary history of the genus using targeted‐enrichment sequencing on 60 Brachystegia specimens for a nearly complete species sampling. Phylogenomic inferences used supermatrix (RAxML‐NG) and summary‐method (ASTRAL‐III) approaches. Conflicts between species and gene trees were assessed, and the phylogeny was time‐calibrated in BEAST. Introgression between species was explored using Phylonet.

The phylogenies were globally congruent regardless of the method used. Most of the species were recovered as monophyletic …