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The work presented in this book lies at the intersection of CS and computer vision for surveillance applications. We attempt to separate these two areas by devoting this chapter to CS theory and literature and Chapter 3 to related work in image processing and computer vision that we utilize for reconstruction-free compressive vision. We begin by introducing the CS sensing matrix,1 reconstruction, and other fundamental background information in Section 2.1. Next, Section 2.3 discusses existing CS imaging hardware in order to provide real-life motivation for the work. CS reconstruction algorithms are then discussed in Section 2.4 and bounds on CS sensing performance are covered in Section 2.6. Finally, deep learning for CS reconstruction is presented in Section 2.8.