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Air pollution in an urban environment is the major stress factor for vegetation due to the direct generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). To quantify urban air pollution-induced ROS/RNS formation, damage and detoxification, nine different biochemical parameters related to free radical formation, scavenging and membrane damage were estimated in twelve tropical tree species. The experiment was performed in three different seasons at four distinct urban environments in Varanasi city located in the Indo-Gangetic plain of India. Redundancy analysis was performed to statistically assess the relationship between air pollutants (PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂ and O₃) and temperature with ROS/RNS generation and their detoxification. Significant effects of air pollution exposure and temperature on ROS/RNS formation, scavenging and membrane damage were recorded with increasing …