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Organic extracts of the twigs and leaves of Aglaia odorata yielded eight insecticidal cyclopentatetrahydrobenzofuran rocaglamide derivatives including three congeners which proved to be new natural products. Moreover, four new cyclopentatetrahydrobenzopyran aglain derivatives, as well as the known aminopyrrolidine odorine and odorinol, syringaresinol and flavonoid derivatives were also isolated. Structure elucidation of the new compounds is described and a rationale of the biosynthesis of the rocaglamide and aglain congeners is considered. The isolated rocaglamide derivatives exhibited strong insecticidal activity towards neonate larvae of the polyphagous pest insect Spodoptera littoralis when incorporated into artificial diet with LC₅₀ values varying from 1.0–8.0 ppm. The most active compounds showed LC₅₀ values between 1.0 and 1.1 ppm, comparable to those of the insecticide azadirachtin, which was …