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Other studies concentrate on the arena of production, looking at the industry actors that shape and package tourism products, together with their ethical beliefs and their motivations and actions (Kasim, 2007). These studies suggest that ethical beliefs can be incorporated in some tourism business decisions, expressed in the philosophy of ‘corporate social responsibility’. Of course, businesses may not ‘green’their activities or make social policy decisions simply because of ethical concerns; it may reflect commercial common sense, and the scale of the changes may be very limited. A second research perspective explores types of actor relations. Research can examine ‘consumer–producer’relations,‘tourism sector–host population’relations, or ‘worker–employer’relations. The ‘consumer–producer’connection is a focus of increasing research on sustainable tourism, with demand, supply, consumption and production …