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Neuroanatomical structure appears to be altered in preterm infants, but there has been little insight into the major perinatal risk factors associated with regional cerebral structural alterations. MR images were taken to quantitatively compare regional brain tissue volumes between term and preterm infants and to investigate associations between perinatal risk factors and regional neuroanatomical alterations in a large cohort of preterm infants. In a large prospective longitudinal cohort study of 202 preterm and 36 term infants, MR scans at term equivalent were undertaken for volumetric estimates of cortical and deep nuclear grey matter, unmyelinated and myelinated white matter (WM) and CSF within 8 parcellated regions for each hemisphere of the brain. Perinatal correlates analysed in relation to regional brain structure included gender, gestational age, intrauterine growth restriction, bronchopulmonary …