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A Voronoi cell finite element method (VCFEM) has been implemented into the commercial finite element package ABAQUS and used to determine the effective microstructure-dependent elastic properties (the Young's modulus and the Poisson's ratio) of functionally graded materials (FGMs). Before applying VCFEM to FGM, the microstructure of FGM has been idealized as follows. At low volume fractions of either of the two materials in FGM, the microstructure is taken to consist of discrete particles embedded in a continuous matrix. In the region of FGM where the volume fractions of the two materials are comparable, the microstructure is taken to consist of intertwined clusters of the materials. In addition, for both types of microstructures, void inclusions are introduced to account for the porosity in FGM. Application of VCFEM to Ni/MgO and Ni₃Al/TiC yielded the values of the effective elastic properties which are in …