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The terminology for the South African Stone Age was developed during the 1920s, decades before the introduction of radiocarbon dating so that at that time the temporal relationships of the stone artefact assemblages could be firmly established only where well-stratified, long-sequence sites were excavated. Such sites were few and far between, however, so that on the basis of surface collections and rockshelter sites where stratified samples were considered as single units, Goodwin and Lowe (1929) proposed a model of the later Stone Age in which the Wilton and Smithfield industries were seen as the material remains of two contemporaneous population groups with different artefact-making traditions. The Wilton group was present in Rhodesia, South West Africa and in the western, southern and eastern Cape and was later recognized in Zambia and Kenya as well. The Smithfield was seen as an indigenous …