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Carbon nanotube (CNT) is a promising electrode material and has been used as an anode modifier in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this study, a new method of simultaneously adding CNT powders and Geobacter sulfurreducens into the anode chamber of a MFC was used, aiming to form a composite biofilm on the anode. The performance of MFCs such as startup time and steady-state power generation was investigated under conditions of different CNT powders dosages. Results showed that both the startup time and the anodic resistance were reduced. The optimal dosage of CNT powders pre-treated by acid was 4mg/mL for the anode chamber with an effective volume of 25mL. The anodic resistance and output voltage of the MFC with CNT powders addition were maintained around 180Ω and 650mV during 40 days operation, while those of the MFC without CNT powders addition increased from 250Ω to 540Ω …