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A novel anode was developed by coating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and manganese oxide (MnO₂) composite on the carbon felt (CF) surface. With a large surface area and excellent electrical conductivity, this binder-free anode was found to effectively enhance the enrichment and growth of electrochemically active bacteria and facilitate the extracellular electron transfer from the bacteria to the anode. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) equipped with the rGO/MnO₂/CF anode delivered a maximum power density of 2065 mW m⁻², 154% higher than that with a bare CF anode. The internal resistance of the MFC with this novel anode was 79 Ω, 66% lower than the regular one's (234 Ω). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses affirmed that the rGO/MnO₂ composite significantly increased the anodic reaction rates and facilitated the electron transfer from the bacteria to the …