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In 2014, a 45-day fire at the Hazelwood coal mine exposed residents in the adjacent town of Morwell, Australia, to high concentrations of fine particulate matter< 2.5 µm (PM2. 5). The Hazelwood Health Study (HHS) assessed the long-term respiratory consequences of exposure to mine fire smoke. HHS participants were also exposed to the 2019-20 ‘Black Summer’wildfires, with the ‘unexposed’town of Sale closer to the wildfires. We evaluated the impact of exposures on respiratory health. Respiratory testing was conducted 3.5-4 (Round 1) and 7.3-7.8 years (Round 2) after the mine fire. Individual PM2. 5 exposure was retrospectively estimated from emission, chemical transport models and time location diaries. Participants completed validated respiratory questionnaires and performed spirometry, gas transfer (GLI z-scores) and oscillometry (FOT, non-linear transformations). Mixed-effects …