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Social species that have conflicts usually have some form of conflict management behavior to reduce the associated costs (Aureli et al. 2002). These behaviors can involve pre-conflict management (eg, conflict avoidance, using greetings and grooming to reduce tension to make aggression less likely), third-party interventions during conflicts (eg, agonistic support), postconflict (PC) affiliation (eg, friendly interactions between former opponents [former opponent affiliation] or a former opponent and a bystander after a conflict [third-party affiliation]), and redirecting aggression to bystanders (eg, to distract their opponent or manage dominance relationships; see reviews in Scucchi et al. 1988; Aureli et al. 2002; Koyama and Palagi 2006). We examine 1 conflict management behavior in detail, namely, PC affiliation, and also consider PC aggression. PC affiliation usually occurs between individuals that share a valuable relationship, which is one that provides fitness benefits (see review by Arnold et al. 2010). If individuals interact frequently and provide mutual benefits, affiliative interactions after fights can facilitate a full or partial return to a stable relationship and reduce conflict-related stress or aggression (Aureli et al. 2002; Fraser et al. 2009). In addition to relationship value, compatibility (the amount of affiliation exchanged) and security (the consistency of interactions between individuals) can influence the likelihood of occurrence of PC affiliation (Cords and Aureli 2000; Fraser et al. 2009). The costs and benefits of participating in PC affiliation vary according to the role the individual played in the conflict (the aggressor or the victim) and the initiator of …