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Effort-Aware Defect Prediction (EADP) ranks software modules based on the possibility of these modules being defective, their predicted number of defects, or defect density by using learning to rank algorithms. Prior empirical studies compared a few learning to rank algorithms considering small number of datasets, evaluating with inappropriate or one type of performance measure, and non-robust statistical test techniques. To address these concerns and investigate the impact of learning to rank algorithms on the performance of EADP models, we examine the practical effects of 23 learning to rank algorithms on 41 available defect datasets from the PROMISE repository using a module-based effort-aware performance measure (FPA) and a source lines of code (SLOC) based effort-aware performance measure (Norm(P _opt ). In addition, we compare the performance of these algorithms when they are trained on a …