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Fluid flow, heat transfer, and inclusion flotation have been modeled mathematically for several types of industrial tundish designs. Computations are presented to illustrate the importance of thermal natural convection currents in mixing the upper and lower layers of steel. The use of flow modification devices was shown to be reasonably effective in further reducing inclusion density levels at the intermediate to larger size ranges. Small inclusions (≦40 μm) were not readily removed with or without flow controls because of their low Stokes rising velocities.