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We model and solve the Railway Rapid Transit Network Design and Line Planning (RRTNDLP) problem, which integrates the two first stages in the Railway Planning Process. The model incorporates costs relative to the network construction, fleet acquisition, train operation, rolling stock and personnel management. This implies decisions on line frequencies and train capacities since some costs depend on line operation. We assume the existence of an alternative transportation system (e.g. private car, bus, bicycle) competing with the railway system for each origin–destination pair. Passengers choose their transportation mode according to the best travel times. Since the problem is computationally intractable for realistic size instances, we develop an Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) algorithm, which can simultaneously handle the network design and line planning problems considering also rolling …