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Over 60 million people have had coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but consequences of severe infection are unknown. We sought to characterize interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) after COVID-19, and to identify risk factors for the development of lung fibrosis. We performed a prospective single-center cohort study with 4-month follow-up after COVID-19 hospitalization. We sequentially enrolled 76 community-dwelling adults who were hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and required supplemental oxygen between March and May 2020. Participants had no prior history of interstitial lung disease and were discharged to acute rehabilitation or home, with sampling weighted to include half who were mechanically ventilated. We used a radiologic scoring system to quantify non-fibrotic ILA (ground glass opacities alone …