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Hospitals are an indoor environment where people may be especially susceptible to infection due to both compromised health and the presence of significant sources of airborne infectious agents (McCarthy and Spengler, 2001). An understanding of the characteristics of bioaerosol-generating processes in hospitals is therefore an important component in developing appropriate infection control procedures. Such information is currently lacking. To address this shortcoming, we quantified airborne viable bioaerosol concentration and its determinants in a large (~600 beds) teaching hospital located in Brisbane, Australia.