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Objectives: We systematically reviewed existing literature to clarify the cardiometabolic health effects of high-intensity interval training in adults.

Design: Systematic review of literature.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed-indexed clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, and comparative studies examining high-intensity interval training and health-related variables, including body composition, maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2, published between 1981 and 2015, was performed in April 2015. Study inclusion and methodological quality were independently assessed by two reviewers using Downs and Black Checklist …