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The present book has two main purposes. The first is to provide a brief overview of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). In Chap. 1, we provide you with a concise, but hopefully clear, introduction to HOTS, classification of HOTS in light of Bloom’s Taxonomy, two key dimensions of HOTS (critical thinking and reflective thinking), and their contribution to education. The second purpose is to review some approaches to promoting HOTS in language classes. Presented in a series of chapters, these approaches are graphic organizers, critical discourse analysis, argumentation, emotion regulation practices, reflective journals, and mindfulness. We selected these approaches based on existing literature and models of critical thinking skills, current educational tenets and paradigms, our own research into HOTS, as well as our practical experience in the language classroom. In each chapter, we additionally discuss some …