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Chemokines and chemokine receptors play a role in cell recruitment during granulomatous inflammatory reactions. Here, we evaluated the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors and their regulation by IFN-γ in the course of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) infection in mice. We found an association between KC and MIP-1α (CCL3) production and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs of Pb-infected mice during the early acute phase of infection. High levels of RANTES/CCL5, MCP-1/CCL2, IP-10/CXCL10, and Mig/CXCL9 simultaneously with mononuclear cell infiltration in the lungs was found. In the absence of IFN-γ (GKO mice) we observed increased production of KC and MIP-1α and chronic neutrophilia. Moreover, we found a change in the chemokine receptor profiles expressed by wild-type (WT) versus GKO animals. Increased expression of CXCR3 and CCR5, and low levels of CCR3 and CCR4 …