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Tropical peat swamp forest is a unique ecosystem, in which both swamp forest and peat soil have coexisted over millennia and accumulated a significant amount of soil carbon as peat. Owing to the huge soil carbon stock and high groundwater level (GWL), tropical peatlands potentially represent a significant source of methane (CH₄) to the atmosphere. However, a few studies of CH₄ flux by the soil chamber technique have reported that annual CH₄ emissions from tropical peat swamp forest were very low as compared to mid- and high-latitude peatlands. Recently, it has been reported that some tree species growing in peat swamp forest emit CH₄ from their stems. It is impossible to continuously measure ecosystem-scale CH₄ flux including both soil and plant-mediated CH₄ emissions by the chamber technique. Thus, we have measured net ecosystem CH₄ exchange (FCH₄) above a tropical peat swamp …