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Drought over Thailand is a recurring natural phenomenon in different regions. Drought typically remains the crucial problem in Thailand that is merely not a recent issue but a severe recurring difficulty. Thailand experiences droughts every year throughout the dry season, although to wildly differing degrees of persistent intensity. Droughts can be produced by a variety of factors, the most common of which is an imbalanced and insufficient rainfall distribution to some areas. When insufficient rainfall is distributed unevenly, certain areas lack a sufficient water supply, causing problems for people and agriculture on a local level, as well as economic, social, and environmental consequences. The primary goal of this study is to use main indices to analyze and investigate the evolution of the spatio-temporal pattern from drought indices that contributed to affecting transition flood and drought over Thailand from 1991 to 2020, as well as to analyze and investigate the relationship between meteorological drought, vegetation drought, soil moisture drought, and hydrological drought. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is a meteorological index that uses data from rainfall gauge sites to calculate precipitation. The Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) is the hydrological data obtained from the runoff, whereas the Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSI) is soil moisture data collected from root zone soil moisture both of which were derived from the MERRA-2. The Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), derived from NDVI obtained from the NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, was also used. Assessment of drought …