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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are a plant symbionts belonging to four orders: Glomerales, Archaeosporales, Paraglomales and Diversisporales in the division Glomeromycota (Schussler et al., 2001). They play an important role in plant growth and development (Powell, 1982; Jensen, 1984). The potential for increasing crop growth by effective management of AM strains reinforces the need to determine species composition in cultivated soils of different locations. This study was conducted to identify AM species in Iranian sugarcane fields. The plant family Poaceae including sugar cane, is regarded as one of the best hosts of AM fungi (Powell and Bagyaraj, 1984). In Iran, sugarcane is cultivated in north (Mazandaran Province) and south (Khuzestan Province). Mazandaran Province is a tropical area located in the south east shore of the Caspian sea, soils are sandy and with a relatively high organic content. Khuzestan Province is a semi arid region in south west of Iran and