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A C quantum dot coated Mn3O4 composite (Mn3O4/Cdots) has been obtained for the first time by a green alternating voltage electrochemical approach. It is interesting to note that the morphology of Mn3O4 particles in the composite can be induced to form an octahedral structure through the introduction of C quantum dots. In particular, the as-produced Mn3O4/Cdots composite utilized as an anode material for lithium ion batteries demonstrates excellent electrochemical performances, showing an enhanced reversible discharge capacity of 934 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1 which is almost five times as much as that of pure Mn3O4.