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Actin filaments that serve as "rails" for the myosin-based transport of membrane organelles [1–4] continuously turn over by concurrent growth and shortening at the opposite ends [5]. Although it is known that dynamics of actin filaments is essential for many of the actin cytoskeleton functions, the role of such dynamics in myosin-mediated organelle transport was never studied before. Here, we addressed the role of turnover of actin filaments in the myosin-based transport of membrane organelles by treating cells with the drugs that suppress actin-filament dynamics and found that such a suppression significantly inhibited organelle transport along the actin filaments without inhibiting their intracellular distribution or the activity of the myosin motors. We conclude that dynamics of actin filaments is essential for myosin-based transport of membrane organelles and suggest a previously unknown role of actin-filament …