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Current intensification and expansion of agricultural lands are some of the main anthropogenic processes driving the global decline of biodiversity. Organic farming is generally regarded as a better compromise between production and ecosystems and biodiversity preservation. However, while this practice is gaining popularity worldwide, conventional agriculture is still the main approach, hindering the conservation of many taxa. Bats are poorly studied and generally negatively affected by conventional farming. Their high mobility and long lifespan make them excellent ecological indicators in agroecosystems. We assessed the effect of different crop treatments (conventional and organic olive groves, and sparse coniferous forest as a control) on bat activity, at both guild and species level. In addition, we evaluated whether bat activity was influenced by the abundance of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae, the major …