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Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been attracting increasing research interests for the past decade. To address the routing problem, many protocols have been proposed in the past several years. Routing protocols for VANETs, mostly based on the ideas of “Geographical Routing” (or geo-routing for short), typically have nodes periodically broadcast one-hop beacon messages to reveal their positions to neighbors. Nevertheless, packet loss and thus deterioration of routing performance in these protocols are anticipated in urban areas due to high density of vehicles in the network. In this paper, we propose two new VANET routing protocols, namely, Routing Protocol with Beacon Control (RPBC) and Routing Protocol with BeaconLess (RPBL), to alleviate packet losses. In RPBC, each vehicle determines whether to transmit a beacon message based on a new beacon control scheme proposed in this paper …