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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is an unsettled condition whose history is characterised by controversy among medical professionals. Its emergence has frequently been interpreted as an example of the growing ‘medicalisation’ of society and the individualisation of social issues. This article examines how groups representing children with ADHD in France and Ireland engage within this contested medical domain to develop different politics of knowledge around the disorder which become visible in their ‘epistemic efforts’. These efforts emerge from, and enact, groups’ understandings of ADHD as a condition, and frame their development of a politics of healthcare as a basis for articulating claims to appropriate services and treatment. We show how, in Ireland, organisations remain committed to a biomedical approach to ADHD, although their practical efforts are oriented towards …