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Liberalism has always had its critics and its discontents, but never more than when there is an upswing of authoritarianism, populism, xenophobia, or worse. It's in these moments-and we seem to be in the midst of one-when radicals, especially but not exclusively on the right, emerge to tear down liberal principles and liberal institutions. And so now we have Adrian Vermeule, at Harvard Law School, who rejects liberalism in favor of Catholic integralism,'which is the idea that church-and to be precise, the Churchand state ought to be integrated in the pursuit of religious truth. 2 And we have Steven Smith, who claims, following TS Eliot, 3 that our culture wars are best diagnosed as a conflict between traditional Christians and pagans (aka secular liberals).'And Patrick Deneen has made a splash with his book, Why