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We present a molecular phylogeny of African stream frogs (genus Strongylopus), based on 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, the nuclear recombination activating gene 1 (RAG-1) and tyrosinase exon 1 (tyr). Molecular data were supported by advertisement call analysis and morphology. We recognise six valid species: Strongylopus bonaespei from the southern and southwestern parts of the Western Cape Province, South Africa; Strongylopus fasciatus from eastern South Africa to Zimbabwe; Strongylopus grayii found throughout South Africa with older records in Naukluft, in central Namibia; Strongylopus rhodesianus known from the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe and western Mozambique; Strongylopus wageri from KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa and Strongylopus merumontanus from eastern Zambia, Malawi, northern Mozambique and Tanzania. Strongylopus fuelleborni , S. kitumbeine and S. kilimanjaro were …