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This chapter reviews methods of data collection. It is divided into three sections. The first section examines issues of research design, situating researchers’ choices of methods in the context of underlying assumptions about children, what kinds of valid knowledge can be produced about them and how this might take place. Some common approaches to research design are then reviewed with reference to the case studies in this volume. The second section provides an overview of methods of data collection, detailing the advantages and disadvantages of different options. The final section discusses data recording and analysis.