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A computer system may receive medical-imaging data associated with at least an individual. Then, the computer system may compute, based at least in part on the medical-imaging data, a set of white-matter disease biomarkers for different neurological anatomical regions, where, for a given neurological anatomical region, the set of white-matter disease biomarkers includes: an apparent fiber density that corresponds to a total intra-axonal volume, an amount of free water, and a demyelination metric. Next, the computer system may provide feedback information associated with at least the individual based at least in part on interrelationships among the computed set of white-matter disease biomarkers in different neurological anatomical regions. For example, the feedback information may include: diagnostic information, information associated with disease progression (such as a disease stage), information …