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Objectives:

This study was conducted to identify the prevalence of and potential risk factors for HIV-1 infection among drug users visiting drug treatment centers in Tehran, Iran.

Design:

Cross-sectional quantitative study.

Methods:

Between October 2003 and May 2004, drug users who visited three public drug treatment centers in Tehran were interviewed and information about their sociodemographics, drug use characteristics, incarceration history, sexual history, and HIV/AIDS knowledge and risk perception were collected. Specimens of oral mucosal transudate were then collected from participants to be tested for HIV-1 antibodies. Logistic regression analysis was conducted on the association between the demographic and behavioral factors with HIV-1 infection.

Results:

Overall, 611 (588 male and 23 female) drug users participated in the study. Among male injectors with HIV-1 prevalence of 15.2%, a history of …