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The study assesses challenges and opportunities in urban water resource use and management, drawing from a case study material of community water supply systems in Wote Town, Makueni County. Using a Survey Research Design (SRD) both primary and secondary data were collected by use of questionnaires, interviews, photography, use of GIS, observation and the review of relevant literature in order to (1) identify and spatially locate the existing community water supply systems in Wote Town,(2) investigate the socio-economic characteristics of the residents,(3) examine water demand and supply characteristics in Wote Town,(4) investigate peoples’ perception of water quality. First, a reconnaissance survey identified and spatially located the