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In this paper, a nano-PCM filled enclosure, which is a representative geometry of a thermal energy storage (TES) system, is investigated using scale analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental analysis. The enclosure is assumed to be square in shape. It is also assumed that one vertical wall of the enclosure is actively participating in absorbing energy from a source while the remaining walls are insulated. The thermal boundary condition at the active wall is treated as ‘constant heat flux boundary condition’in this paper. The energy absorbing material, ie, the nano-PCM, is CuO nanoparticles dispersed in coconut oil PCM. The influence of the volume fraction of nanoparticles (0≤ φ≤ 5%) is investigated on the flow and thermal fields, heat transfer rate, energy stored and liquid fraction during the melting process of nano-PCM at different values of Rayleigh number based on base PCM (10 4≤ R a φ= 0%≤ 10 8 …