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Depression is a risk factor for mortality in cardiovascular diseases. Prior studies confirm that depression predicts adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). However, data were inconclusive regarding the effect of depression on mortality. This meta-analysis examines the relationship between depression and mortality in HF.

Prospective studies of depression and mortality in HF published between 1999 and April 2016 were located using PubMed, PsychINFO, and MEDLINE. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used to compute an aggregated effect size estimates of hazard ratios and to conduct subgroup analyses.

Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria. For 8 aggregated univariate and 14 multivariate estimates, depressive symptoms were related to all-cause mortality. A pooled HR of 3 multivariate analyses indicated that depressive symptoms were not linked to …