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Populus euphratica Oli. is a salt-tolerant species that can cope with up to 450 mM NaCl under hydroponic conditions and can tolerate high accumulations of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ in roots and leaves when grown in 300 mM NaCl. Transcript responses to salt stress and recovery were monitored by microarray hybridization of 315 cDNAs preselected by suppression subtractive hybridization. Transcripts of a heat-shock protein and a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein accumulated 1.5 and 3 h, respectively, after adding 300 mM NaCl to the culture medium. Transcripts significantly up-regulated by salt stress included ionic and osmotic homeostasis elements such as magnesium transporter-like protein, syntaxin-like protein, seed imbibition protein and plasma membrane intrinsic protein; metabolism regulators like cytochrome P450, zinc finger protein, cleavage factor and aminotransferase; and the photosynthesis …