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South Asia is the world's most densely populated region and is highly reliant on agriculture. Its agricultural production has been impacted by extreme climate events viz. erratic rainfall, heat stress, hailstorms, droughts, flash floods, and landslides which are more frequent in recent years. In South Asia, the common agricultural adaptation strategies to combat the impacts of climate change on agroecosystems include the use of drought-resistant varieties of crops, crop diversification, changes in cropping patterns, appropriate tillage methods, and water management, etc. Soil and fertilizer management, as well as Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) technologies, can considerably reduce GHGs emissions from crop fields. Hence, scaling up existing adaptation and mitigation options and discovering innovative strategies are essential to reduce vulnerability and enhance the agricultural system's resilience. Therefore, the …