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The world’s poor are frequently considered to be the most vulnerable to climate change (Niang et al., 2014), and thus most in need of adaptation to reduce the harms and risks climate change poses to their lives and livelihoods. As climate change adaptation projects are increasingly linked to socioeconomic development, scholars have recognized that planned adaptation interventions must go beyond abating climate risk and address the various “structural deficits,” such as lack of income, education, health, and political power (Lemos et al., 2016) that make people vulnerable to climate change in the first place (Agrawal and Lemos, 2015). Without an understanding of what makes people vulnerable and how vulnerability is distributed across a population, as well as how climate change interacts with multiple other social-ecological stressors, climate change adaptation interventions risk inadvertently creating new …