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Due to the impacts of climate change, the global energy system must undergo a green transformation. However, this transition process may entail both positive and negative impacts. Therefore, governments must formulate balanced energy policies to establish a secure, accessible, affordable, and environmentally sustainable energy system. To assist decision-makers in evaluating the status of energy systems and formulating rational energy policies to address the complex and dynamic challenges, this study focuses on proposing a method to assess and analyze the equilibrium of a nation’s energy system. To achieve these objectives, we propose the Energy Balance Index as a comprehensive method for assessing the equilibrium of a country’s energy system. Subsequently, we employ a decision tree-based model to analyze the impact of different factors on the Energy Balance Index. The findings reveal that …